The Japanese and Hindu systems use these same five classical elements but use a different name for the fifth element: void in the Japanese system and aether or akasha in the Hindu system. These five elements are sometimes associated with the five platonic solids.
The Greek names of the elements are as follows: The Greek Pythagoreans used the initial letters of these five elements to name the outer angles of their pentagram. In Greek thought the philosopher Aristotle added aether as the quintessence, reasoning that whereas fire, earth, air, and water were earthly and corruptible, since no changes had been perceived in the heavenly regions, the stars cannot be made out of any of the four elements but must be made of a different, unchangeable, heavenly substance. The dominant theory of classical elements, held by the Hindu, Japanese, and Greek systems of thought, is that there are five elements, namely Fire, Earth, Air, Water and a fifth element known variously as Idea, Void "quintessence" or Aether (the term "quintessence" derives from "quint" meaning "fifth"). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. This article needs additional citations for verification. 4.4 Classical elements in popular culture.4.3 Classical Elements in sound and music.2.3.1 Classical elements in the Seven Chakras.2.3 Classical elements in early Buddhism.
THE 4 ELEMENTS SERIES
The modern scientific states-of-matter, and, to a lesser extent, also the periodic table of the elements and the concept of combustion (fire) can be considered successors to such early models.īy contrast the Chinese had a somewhat different series of elements, namely Fire, Earth, Water, Metal and Wood, which were understood as different types of energy in a state of constant interaction and flux with one another, rather than the Western notion of different kinds of material. The concept is far older in Asia, and was widely disseminated in India and China, where it forms the basis of both Buddhism and Hinduism, particularly in an esoteric context.
THE 4 ELEMENTS PLUS
The Hindu and Japanese also had essentially the same five elements: the four states-of-matter, plus a fifth element to describe that which was beyond the material world (non-matter). The Greek Classical Elements (Earth, Water, Air, Fire, and Idea) date from pre-Socratic times and persisted throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, deeply influencing European thought and culture. solid/earth, liquid/water, gas/air, plasma/fire) or a type of energy or force (as in the Chinese Five Phases), rather than the Chemical elements of modern science. The word "element" in this context either refers to a state of matter (e.g. Many ancient philosophies used a set of archetypal classical "elements" to explain patterns in nature.
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